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Anglo-Zulu War
The Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Following Lord Carnarvon's successful introduction of federation in Canada, it was thought that similar political effort, coupled with military campaigns, might succeed with the African kingdoms, tribal areas and Boer republics in South Africa. In 1874, Sir Henry Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa as High Commissioner for the British Empire to bring such plans into being. Among the obstacles were the presence of the independent states of the South African Republic and the Kingdom of Zululand and its army.〔Knight (1992, 2002), p. 8.〕
Frere, on his own initiative, without the approval of the British government〔Spiers, p. 41〕〔Ian Knight, ''Zulu War'', Osprey, 2004, p. 9, "By late 1878 Frere had manipulated a diplomatic crisis with the Zulus..."〕 and with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, had presented an ultimatum on 11 December 1878, to the Zulu king Cetshwayo with which the Zulu king could not comply.〔Colenso, pp. 261–262. Also: Ian Knight, ''Zulu War'', Osprey, 2004, p. 11, "... an ultimatum with which, Frere knew, they could not possibly comply."〕 Bartle Frere then sent Lord Chelmsford to invade Zululand after this ultimatum was not met.〔Morris, pp. 291–292〕 The war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, including a stunning opening victory by the Zulu at the Battle of Isandlwana, as well as for being a landmark in the timeline of imperialism in the region. The war eventually resulted in a British victory and the end of the Zulu nation's independence.
==Background==
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